|
What is gum disease?
Gum disease is an infection of the gums, the pink tissues that surround and
support the teeth. Gum disease is usually painless and starts as swelling,
called gingivitis. Gingivitis can worsen and lead to a severe
form of gum disease called periodontitis. If left
untreated, gum disease can destroy structures that support the teeth and can
cause tooth loss.
What causes gum disease?
Gum disease happens when bacteria (germs) build up in the mouth. Bacteria
normally live in the mouth in plaque, the sticky film on the tooth surface and
gum line, and also in the foods we eat. When bacteria in plaque come into
contact with food, they produce acids that harm the teeth and gums. The longer
plaque stays on the teeth, the more damage it can cause.
Who gets gum disease?
Anyone can get gum disease, including children. You may have a higher risk
for gum disease if you:
- Do not practice good oral hygiene
- Have diabetes that is not well-controlled
- Smoke (Smoking makes it harder for gum tissue to repair
itself.)
- Have a weakened immune system
- Have a family history of dental disease (Conditions that lead
to gum disease may be inherited.)
- Take certain medications, such as drugs to control convulsions
associated with epilepsy. (Medications decrease the flow of saliva, which
helps wash away food particles and neutralizes mouth acids.)
- Are experiencing a change in hormones, such as those occurring
during pregnancy, puberty, menopause, and monthly menstruation. (Hormone
changes make gums more sensitive, which makes it easier for gingivitis to
develop.)
What are the signs of gum disease?
- Gums that bleed when you brush your teeth
- Red, swollen, or tender gums
- Bad breath or a bad taste in your mouth that won't go away
- Gums that have pulled away from the teeth
- Loose or shifting teeth
- A change in your bite
- A change in the way your dentures fit
How can I prevent gum disease?
To prevent gum disease:
- Brush your teeth at least twice a day. If you can, brush after
every meal. Brushing removes bacteria and pieces of food from surfaces of
the teeth. Use a soft-bristled brush and toothpaste that contains fluoride.
Fluoride strengthens the teeth.
Here are some tips for the best way to brush:
1) Place the toothbrush at a 45-degree angle against the gums.
2) Move the brush gently in a small circular motion.
3) Clean the front teeth from top to bottom by moving the brush in a small
circular motion. Cleaning the lower, inside front teeth is especially
important.
4) Gently brush the top of your tongue to remove bacteria and to freshen
your breath.
- Floss daily. Flossing removes food and plaque from between the
teeth.
- Eat a variety of foods. Eat a balanced diet by choosing foods
from each of the major food groups.
- Avoid snacking on sugary and starchy foods. These foods produce
the most acids. Each time you snack, you give bacteria another chance to
produce acids that harm the teeth.
- Visit the dentist regularly. To maintain healthy teeth and
gums, it's important to have your teeth professionally cleaned. It is
recommended that you visit the dentist once every six months.
Where can I learn more?
National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research: (301) 496-4261
http://www.nidcr.nih.gov/
|
